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Ottoman ironclad Mesudiye
''Mesudiye'' (Ottoman Turkish: Happiness)〔Langensiepen & Güleryüz, p. 197〕 was a central-battery ironclad of the Ottoman Navy, one of the largest ships of that type ever built. She was built at the Thames Iron Works in Britain between 1871 and 1875. ''Mesudiye'' had one sister ship, though she was purchased by the Royal Navy and commissioned as . Her primary armament consisted of twelve guns in a central armored battery.
''Mesudiye'' was poorly maintained for most of her career, including a twenty-year long period between the Russo-Turkish War in 1877–78 and the Greco-Turkish War of 1897. As a result, she was in very poor condition by the late 1890s, which prompted a major reconstruction of her into a pre-dreadnought design type vessel in Genoa. The ship's armament was overhauled, though the gun turrets that were to have mounted guns never received the weapons. A new propulsion system was also installed, which significantly improved performance.
The ship saw extensive action during the First Balkan War in 1912–13, including the battles of Elli and Lemnos in December 1912 and January 1913, respectively. During the latter engagement, she was badly damaged by a Greek shell and forced to withdraw. Following the outbreak of World War I in 1914, ''Mesudiye'' was moored at Nara to protect the minefields that blocked the entrance to the Dardanelles. On the morning of 13 December, the British submarine passed through the minefields and torpedoed ''Mesudiye'', which quickly sank. Most of the crew survived, however, and many of her guns were salvaged and used to strengthen the defenses of the Dardanelles. A battery of these guns, named Mesudiye in honor of the ship, helped to sink the French battleship in March 1915.
==Design==
In the aftermath of the Crimean War, where an entire Ottoman squadron was destroyed by a Russian fleet at Sinop, the Ottoman Empire began a naval construction program, limited primarily by the chronically weak Ottoman economy. Several ironclad warships were ordered in the 1860s and 1870s, primarily from British and French shipyards.〔Gardiner, pp. 388–389〕 Despite the shortage of funds, by the late 1870s, the Ottomans had acquired a fleet of thirteen large ironclads and nine smaller armored warships.〔 ''Mesudiye'' was designed by Edward Reed, who based the design on the recently build British ironclad .〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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